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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkem | om köpkö |
| 2SG: | köpket | ot köpkö |
| 3SG: | köpka | ok/ogeš köpkö |
| 1PL: | köpkena | ona/ogə̑na köpkö |
| 2PL: | köpkeda | oda/ogə̑da köpkö |
| 3PL: | köpkat | ogə̑t köpkö |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkə̑šə̑m | šə̑m köpkö |
| 2SG: | köpkə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ köpkö |
| 3SG: | köpkə̑š | ə̑š köpkö |
| 1PL: | köpkə̑šna | ə̑šna köpkö |
| 2PL: | köpkə̑šda | ə̑šda köpkö |
| 3PL: | köpkə̑št | ə̑št köpkö |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkenam | köpken omə̑l |
| 2SG: | köpkenat | köpken otə̑l |
| 3SG: | köpken | köpken ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | köpkenna | köpken onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | köpkenda | köpken odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | köpkenə̑t | köpken ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkem ə̑l'e | om köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köpket ə̑l'e | ot köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köpka ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köpkena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köpkeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köpkat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t köpkö ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkem ulmaš | om köpkö ulmaš |
| 2SG: | köpket ulmaš | ot köpkö ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köpka ulmaš | ok/ogeš köpkö ulmaš |
| 1PL: | köpkena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na köpkö ulmaš |
| 2PL: | köpkeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da köpkö ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köpkat ulmaš | ogə̑t köpkö ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkenam ə̑l'e | köpken omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köpkenat ə̑l'e | köpken otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köpken ə̑l'e | köpken ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köpkenna ə̑l'e | köpken onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köpkenda ə̑l'e | köpken odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köpken ə̑l'e | köpken ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkenam ulmaš | köpken omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | köpkenat ulmaš | köpken otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köpken ulmaš | köpken ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | köpkenna ulmaš | köpken onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | köpkenda ulmaš | köpken odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köpken ulmaš | köpken ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | köpkö | it köpkö |
| 3SG: | köpkə̑žö | ə̑nže köpkö |
| 1PL: | (köpkena) | (ona/ogə̑na köpkö) |
| 2PL: | köpkə̑za | ida köpkö |
| 3PL: | köpkə̑št | ə̑nə̑št köpkö |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkə̑nem | ə̑nem köpkö |
| 2SG: | köpkə̑net | ə̑net köpkö |
| 3SG: | köpkə̑neže | ə̑než köpkö |
| 1PL: | köpkə̑nena | ə̑nena köpkö |
| 2PL: | köpkə̑neda | ə̑neda köpkö |
| 3PL: | köpkə̑nešt | ə̑nešt köpkö |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | köpkə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | köpkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | köpkə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | köpkə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | köpkə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda köpkö ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | köpkə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt köpkö ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | köpkə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net köpkö ulmaš |
| 3SG: | köpkə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než köpkö ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | köpkə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda köpkö ulmaš |
| 3PL: | köpkə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt köpkö ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | köpkaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | köpkə̑man |
| Active participle: | köpkə̑šö |
| Passive participle: | köpkə̑mö |
| Future-necessitive participle: | köpkə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | köpkə̑də̑mö |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | köpken |
| Negative gerund: | köpkə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | köpkə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | köpkə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | köpkə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | köpkə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | köpkə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||